Match-Fixing

Criminals predetermine or influence the outcome of sporting events, often by bribing or coercing complicit athletes or officials, to secure payouts on wagers funded by illicit capital. By guaranteeing a winning bet, they convert illegal proceeds into ostensibly legitimate gambling profits, concealing the true source of the funds. Interpol has found that illegal soccer gambling is frequently tied to money laundering, and in some regions up to 7% of football matches under UEFA may be manipulated, highlighting the scale and pervasiveness of match-fixing risks. By exploiting global betting markets and limited transparency in certain platforms, criminals justify sudden large 'win' inflows, complicating AML detection and enabling the rapid integration of illicit proceeds.

[
Code
T0107.005
]
[
Name
Match-Fixing
]
[
Version
1.0
]
[]
[
Risk
Product Risk, Channel Risk
]
[
Created
2025-02-13
]
[
Modified
2025-04-02
]

Ghost Match

Sports-Fixing

Sports Match-Fixing

Tactics

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By fixing the outcome of sporting events, criminals guarantee a winning wager, legitimizing incoming funds as gambling profits and effectively merging illicit proceeds into lawful financial channels. This final-stage maneuver conceals the illegal origins by providing a credible explanation for substantial inflows.

Risks

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Product Risk
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Match-fixing exploits the inherent vulnerabilities of sports-betting products, where rigged events guarantee winning wagers that appear legitimate. By manipulating the outcome, criminals obscure the original illicit funds behind seemingly lawful gambling profits.

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Channel Risk
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Criminals exploit global betting markets and platforms with limited transparency—often online—to place and quickly settle rigged bets. This enables large, near-anonymous wagers that facilitate rapid fund integration.

Indicators

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A rapid sequence of deposits followed by immediate withdrawals, indicating a short cycle between wagering and fund retrieval.

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Consistently successful bets on low-probability outcomes, exceeding normal statistical variance.

IND00169
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Abrupt changes in wager size or frequency deviating from the customer's established betting patterns.

IND00472
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Highly correlated bets from multiple accounts in the same region on an obscure event.

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Multiple betting accounts with incomplete or inconsistent KYC details (e.g., contradictory addresses or missing documentation).

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Individuals consistently winning large sums on obscure or niche sports/leagues.

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Noticeable errors or anomalies in performance aligning with suspicious bets.

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Bets placed at atypical times or immediately before the event start, indicating possible last-minute insider knowledge.

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Sudden large bets on unlikely outcomes that turn out to be winners.

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Large, unexplained payments to event participants or officials from high-risk sources shortly before the match.

Data Sources

  • Aggregates publicly available data from news outlets, social media, and official publications.
  • Enables correlation of reported match anomalies or rumored bribery incidents with suspicious betting patterns.
  • Supports gathering additional context on participants, events, and potential integrity breaches tied to match-fixing.
  • Captures comprehensive transaction details, including timestamps, amounts, sources, recipients, and account information.
  • Reveals large, unexplained payments to players or officials from high-risk or flagged sources.
  • Supports tracing funds used for bribery or coercion in match-fixing schemes and identifying abnormal payment flows.
  • Contains verified identities, addresses, beneficial ownership data, and risk profiles for each customer.
  • Facilitates the detection of multiple accounts with inconsistent or missing KYC details linked to match-fixing schemes.
  • Assists in verifying customer legitimacy and uncovering potentially collusive or fraudulent account registrations.
  • Provides comprehensive records of all betting transactions, including deposit amounts, bet types, frequencies, and win/loss outcomes.
  • Enables detection of rapid deposit-withdrawal cycles, correlated or simultaneous bets from multiple accounts, and consistently successful wagers on unlikely outcomes.
  • Supports investigation of match-fixing by uncovering anomalous betting patterns, sudden shifts in wager size, and suspicious timing relative to sporting events.
  • Collects metadata from emails, phone calls, and messaging apps, such as sender/receiver details and timestamps.
  • Identifies potential coordination or collusion among bettors, players, and officials involved in manipulating match outcomes.
  • Assists investigators in uncovering illicit communication patterns related to match-fixing arrangements.

Mitigations

Conduct in-depth background checks on customers placing high-volume or high-value bets, verifying the legitimacy of their funding sources and cross-checking for associations with known match-fixing networks. Focus on bettors who repeatedly win in events flagged for possible manipulation, scrutinizing their ties to players, officials, or suspicious betting syndicates. This elevated scrutiny helps detect and deter the integration of illicit funds through rigged sporting outcomes.

Deploy specialized monitoring scenarios to detect match-fixing red flags, such as improbable changes in betting odds, correlated high-stake wagers on obscure matches, or disproportionately large payouts to single accounts. Investigate abrupt spikes in bet amounts placed immediately before an event begins. Promptly escalate these alerts to AML investigators or specialized match-fixing units to identify fraudulent outcomes and prevent illicit fund conversion.

Continuously monitor open-source intelligence, sports integrity databases, and media reports to identify known or suspected instances of match manipulation. Correlate suspicious transaction activity with publicly reported match-fixing events or indicted sports participants, ensuring that flagged accounts or bets receive immediate scrutiny. By leveraging external intelligence, institutions can rapidly confirm ties to rigged matches and take swift action to thwart illicit fund flows.

Require betting operators to hold licenses that mandate AML-focused controls and sports integrity programs. Facilitate continuous collaboration among operators, sports leagues, specialized integrity units, and law enforcement to exchange intelligence on unusual betting spikes or known match-fixing networks. Timely information sharing helps detect rigged matches early and coordinate AML responses more effectively.

Blacklist or freeze accounts identified as participating in or benefiting from match-fixing arrangements. Collaborate with sports governing bodies and integrity units to ban or suspend corrupt athletes, officials, or intermediaries from placing bets or receiving payouts. By imposing direct service restrictions, institutions disrupt ongoing match manipulation schemes and block attempts to launder illicit proceeds via fraudulent gambling wins.

Instruments

  • Criminals create betting accounts on sportsbook platforms and deposit illegally obtained capital.
  • By fixing the match outcome, wagers are almost guaranteed to win, masking the original illegitimate source.
  • Rapid fund movement after the 'winning' bets pay out hinders detection, as these transactions appear consistent with normal betting activities.
  • Criminals utilize personal or business bank accounts to deposit illicit proceeds, which are then used to fund wagers on predetermined match outcomes.
  • After winning bets are paid out, the funds entering these accounts appear to be legitimate gambling earnings.
  • Standard financial institutions may perceive these deposits as normal transfers from reputable betting operators, obscuring the underlying manipulation.
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  • Criminals use illicit physical currency to place bets on rigged sporting events, bypassing transparent financial channels.
  • Once the fixed match concludes, resulting payouts appear as legitimate gambling proceeds rather than criminal funds.
  • Cash-based transactions allow bettors to remain largely anonymous and circumvent strict identity checks, making it difficult for authorities to trace the true origin of funds.

Service & Products

  • Criminals bribe or coerce participants to fix sports events, then place bets funded by illicit proceeds.
  • Once the rigged event concludes, they collect the ‘winning’ payouts—appearing as legitimate gambling revenues—to disguise the original, illegal source of funds.
  • Enables the swift deposit and withdrawal of funds related to rigged bets.
  • The seamless flow of funds into and out of gambling accounts helps criminals mask the proceeds of match-fixing as ordinary betting transactions.

Actors

They orchestrate match-fixing schemes by funding bets with illicit capital and bribing or coercing sports professionals to ensure a winning result. The rigged payouts then enter financial channels disguised as legitimate gambling earnings, complicating AML controls.

Complicit athletes, referees, or event staff knowingly manipulate match outcomes in return for bribes. By predetermining results, they guarantee large betting wins for criminals, allowing illicit proceeds to enter the financial system as apparent gambling profits.

Criminals place bets on manipulated sports events, using the operator’s platform to convert illicit funds into seemingly legitimate gambling winnings. Even if unwitting, the gambling operator provides the infrastructure that enables match-fixing bets and facilitates the rapid movement and payout of funds.

References

  1. Financial Action Task Force (FATF). (2009, July). Money laundering through the football sector. FATF. https://www.fatf-gafi.org/en/publications/Methodsandtrends/Moneylaunderingthroughthefootballsector.html

  2. De Sanctis, F. M. (2014). Football, Gambling, and Money Laundering: A Global Criminal Justice Perspective. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05609-8