Citizenship-by-Investment Programs

Government-led programs that grant citizenship in return for a qualifying investment, typically involving real estate purchases, government fund contributions, or investments in local businesses. Specialized legal and advisory firms support individuals and businesses through the process.

[
Code
PS0002
]
[
Name
Citizenship-by-Investment Programs
]
[
Version
1.0
]
[
Category
Professional & Advisory Services
]
[
Created
2025-03-14
]
[
Modified
2025-04-02
]

Related Techniques

  • Criminals misrepresent their background and asset sources to obtain alternate passports or residency, circumventing stricter KYC in other jurisdictions.
  • Once issued new travel documents, they open accounts and move funds internationally under different identities, reducing scrutiny.
  • Weak vetting or corruption in certain programs enables fast-track approvals, ensuring anonymity and undermining AML controls.
  • Criminals inject illicit proceeds into qualifying investments (e.g., real estate or government funds), obtaining legitimate passports or residency permits that reduce AML scrutiny.
  • They often hide or falsify their background and the origin of funds, exploiting weak due diligence standards to secure official documentation under a new identity.
  • Once the new identity is established, criminals avoid enhanced due diligence triggers associated with their real profiles, facilitating cross-border fund movement.
  • Enables introduction of illicit funds into officially sanctioned investment pathways, allowing criminals to present suspect capital as legally sourced.
  • Some applicants seek new citizenship or residency to evade sanctions or heighten anonymity, bypassing AML scrutiny by obscuring their true identities and fund origins.